Religious affiliation and conviction often motivates religious communities to advocate particular peace-related government policies. Moreover, the scenarios in this report are limited to religious identity and do not project how religious beliefs and practices might change in the coming decades. But with many countries focused on the war in Ukraine and domestic economic challenges, there is little sign of outside pressure to stop any slide to wider conflict. Citizens in the southeast continue to observe, to varying extents, a sit-at-home order introduced by IPOB in August 2021 as a means of pressuring the government to release Kanu. In December 2020, the ICC Prosecutors Office had concluded that a full investigation was warranted after finding reasonable basis to believe that Boko Haram and its breakaway factions, as well as the Nigerian security forces, committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. Half of Americans, meanwhile, say the Bible shouldnt influence U.S. laws much (19%) or at all (31%). Switching assumption: Switching into and out of Christianity, other religions and the religiously unaffiliated category (nones) continues among young Americans (ages 15 to 29) at the same rates as in recent years. Demographers project the growth or shrinkage of populations based on factors such as age, sex, fertility, mortality and migration. Religious Conflicts Around the World - ArcGIS StoryMaps It is also unclear how this may change in the future, and whether connections to these beliefs will weaken if disaffiliation becomes even more common in the broader society. A study by Pew Research found that the number of Americans who identified as Christian was 64% in 2020, with 30% of the US population being classed as "religiously unaffiliated". At the same time, the unaffiliated are projected to grow under all four scenarios. Biden is only the second Catholic president (after John F. Kennedy), while the vast majority of others have been Protestant most often Episcopalian or Presbyterian. Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to explore Americans attitudes about the relationship between church and state in the United States. Christians, for example, are older than the religiously unaffiliated, on average, and include a higher share of women.Finally, the models assume that migration remains constant, which helps explain why non-Christian groups follow the same trajectory in each of the four scenarios. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, support than oppose the separation of church and state, 45% of Americans Say U.S. Should Be a Christian Nation, 10 facts about religion and government in the United States, Four-in-ten countries and territories worldwide had blasphemy laws in 2019, Half of Americans say Bible should influence U.S. laws, including 28% who favor it over the will of the people, Online Religious Services Appeal to Many Americans, but Going in Person Remains More Popular, As AI Spreads, Experts Predict the Best and Worst Changes in Digital Life by 2035, More than half of states now recognize Juneteenth as an official holiday, Inflation, Health Costs, Partisan Cooperation Among the Nations Top Problems. In March, lawmakers rejected proposed amendments to the Nigerian Constitution aimed at fostering womens rights and political participation. While some Supreme Court cases have determined that religious displays on government property are constitutional in certain contexts, other cases have found that such displays can be endorsements of religion, violating the First Amendment. The report added that over 3 billion naira (US$6.8 million) was paid to bandits as ransom for 3,672 people abducted during this period. (See Chapter 2 for an alternative scenario involving migration.). The latest outbreak followed months of confrontations that left 190 Palestinians dead, according to United Nations figures. There are many possible reasons for war to begin betweenor more often, withinnations. The world took a dangerous turn in 2022. Build the strongest argument relying on authoritative content, attorney-editor expertise, and industry defining technology. That is why this report focuses on switching among young Americans. In August, Nigerias National Broadcasting Commission imposed a fine of 5 million naira (about US$11, 500) on four television companies for broadcasting documentaries on the banditry crisis in the northwest, including a BBC Africa Eye documentary titled, Bandits Warlords of Zamfara, claiming that the documentaries glorified terrorism. A minimum of 15 schools were attacked, 12 of these by ISWAP and over 45 children alleged to be associated with armed groups were detained by the military. short read | May 26, 2023. What if switching were to stop, but other demographic trends such as migration, births and deaths were to continue at current rates? He started out in the Southern Baptist Convention, but when that group took a sharp conservative turn he became a voice for . "The lives of millions depend on that responsibility being given meaning ," Special . In June, the federal government announced that 2 million households are benefiting from its Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program. To register, select the number of tickets you need. Hamas spokesman Hazem Qassem said Israel's moves "will not stop our people's legitimate resistance against the occupation" and said Palestinians would continue their "glorious revolution". The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has ebbed and flowed for decades through wars, uprisings and peace talks. This is a three-day conference. Just 25% say government policies should support religious values and beliefs. Rather, this study presents formal demographic projections of what could happen under a few illustrative scenarios based on trends revealed by decades of survey data from Pew Research Center and the long-running General Social Survey. 2 These conflicts were rooted in social group identities, typically evangelicals and the highly religiously committed facing off against the . US authorities said the new sale will include training for the Nigerian military to minimize civilian harm in air operations. Screen for heightened risk individual and entities globally to help uncover hidden risks in business relationships and human networks. "Each area of the West Bank is witnessing some form of armed clashes, but these are not united mass-scale movements," said Tahani Mustafa of the International Crisis Group. The absolute number of war deaths has declined since 1945. Bandit groups continued to carry out widespread killings, kidnappings, and looting across several states in Nigerias northwest region, while the military responded with airstrikes. About four-in-ten Protestants (39%) say government policies should support religious values and beliefs, compared with 24% of Catholics and 9% of religiously unaffiliated adults those who describe their religious identity as atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. religious conflict - HuffPost In September, some victims of human rights abuses by the defunct Special Anti-Robbery Squad and other units of the Nigerian Police were paid compensation following proceedings led by the National Human Rights Commission. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation. Another 24% did not prefer either option. English The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government continued its systematic discrimination and stigmatization of religious and other minorities, particularly Muslims. For example, we estimate that 3% of people raised Christian switch to a different (i.e., non-Christian) religion during their young adult years, and that 21% of people who are raised with no religion (i.e., as atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular) become Christian in young adulthood. Depending on whether religious switching continues at recent rates, speeds up or stops entirely, the projections show Christians of all ages shrinking from 64% to between a little more than half (54%) and just above one-third (35%) of all Americans by 2070. The Center estimates that in 2020, about 64% of Americans, including children, were Christian. Friday's synagogue shooting was in an area of Jerusalem annexed by Israel, a move not recognised internationally. June 24, 2023 - Wagner head says group standing down By Helen Regan , Andrew Raine , Sophie Tanno, Hafsa Khalil, Tori B. Powell , Adrienne Vogt and Kaanita Iyer , CNN Updated 0406 GMT (1206 HKT . June 24, 2023 - Wagner head says group standing down - CNN International In 2021, Human Rights Watch found child marriage in Nigeria to be prevalent both in states that had adopted the Child Rights Act, which sets the age of marriage at 18, and in states that had yet to adopt the law. People with all other religious affiliations are combined into an umbrella category that includes Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and a diverse array of smaller groups that together make up about 6% of the U.S. population. The alternative scenarios are intended to help isolate and thereby illuminate the impact of various factors. WASHINGTON (AP) A year after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, some of the Republican Party's most powerful evangelical Christian voices are gathering to celebrate a ruling that sent shockwaves through American politics and stripped away a constitutional protection that stood for almost a half century. While there are endless possibilities that would lead to religious composition change that is different from the plotted trajectories, it may be helpful to consider how closely the hypothetical switching scenarios adhere to real, observed trends. Switching assumption: The share of Christians who disaffiliate by the time they reach 30 continues to rise with each successive generation, and rates of disaffiliation are allowed to continue rising even after Christian retention drops below 50% (i.e., no limit is imposed). Nigerian media reported that over 287 people were killed in the southeast between January and May 2022. In 2022, bandits carried out kidnappings for ransom, killings, rape, and looting across communities in the region. Of course, it is possible that events outside the studys model such as war, economic depression, climate crisis, changing immigration patterns or religious innovations could reverse current religious switching trends, leading to a revival of Christianity in the United States. Shifts in religious identity, or switching, are concentrated among young adults. There is no American war on Christianity and masquerading the fight for religious imposition as a fight to protect Christians from this fabricated war is offensive to those truly suffering prejudice and persecution. For the purposes of the models in this study, we present estimated and projected shares of Americans of all ages, including children. ISWAP carried out a high-profile attack on a prison in Kuje within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) that allowed hundreds of prisoners to escape, and was linked to other incidents including the church killings and an attack on a train from Abuja to Kaduna in which eight people were killed and 72 kidnapped. Group differences in fertility (the number of children women tend to have), migration and age structures also drive change. Gunmen seeking to enforce the order have killed, maimed, and destroyed properties of citizens in the region. New patterns of religious change could emerge at any time. World Report 2023: Nigeria | Human Rights Watch The Oxford English Dictionary defines "war" as: (1) A state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country; (2) a state of competition or hostility between different people or groups, or (3) a sustained campaign against an undesirable situation or activity. About 900 inmates were freed during the attack, including over 60 Boko Haram members, though authorities said some were recaptured. National Public Opinion Reference Survey, About Three-in-Ten U.S. Countering sectarian and religious conflict in the Middle East The four main scenarios presented here vary primarily in their assumptions about the future of religious switching among Americans between the ages of 15 and 29 which are the years when most religious change happens. American intelligence officials briefed senior military and administration officials on Wednesday that Yevgeny Prigozhin, the leader of the mercenary Wagner Group, was preparing to . (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. In 2070, 52% of Americans would be unaffiliated, while a little more than a third (35%) would be Christian. In 2070, 46% of Americans would identify as Christian, making Christianity a plurality the most common religious identity but no longer a majority. Efforts by the authorities to identify and arrest suspects were met with protests, which further stoked religious tensions across the predominantly Muslim state. Roy Speckhardt. The Johnson Amendment limits political activity by religious organizations, and most Americans (70%) want churches and other houses of worship to stay out of politics, according to a 2021 analysis. Christmas Day is the only federal holiday thats also a religious holiday, although many Americans view Christmas as a cultural holiday, too. This A-Level Sociology vide explores some of. A powerful mercenary chief sent his forces on the move against the Russian military establishment, raising tensions in the country to a level not seen in decades. In April, International Criminal Court Prosecutor Karim Kahn made his first visit to Nigeria following his predecessors closing of the preliminary examination of the situation in the country. Federal law requires employers to honor an employee's religious request as long as it doesn't represent an "undue hardship." The Supreme Court defined that term in a 1977 opinion as anything . Nigeria's food inflation reached 22 percent in July, causing severe hardship as families struggled to afford food. However, since the rise of the nones began in the 1990s, a pattern has emerged in which a measurable share of adults ages 30 to 65 also disaffiliate from Christianity. A fighter with the Wagner private . 3 ways Arab nations are leading the skills revolution. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. Statements about presidents religious affiliations are based on an analysis of information from sources including the Miller Center, the University of Virginia, PBSs God in the White House, and the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. Look for news . The scenarios in this report present a wide range of assumptions and outcomes. The Centers data shows the vast majority of teens (about 85%) have the same religious identity as their mother, while 16% report a different identity. Everyone who took part in the surveys is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. An August report by a committee set up by the Zamfara State government to review the security situation in the state revealed that 4,983 women were widowed, 25,050 children were orphaned, and 190,340 people were displaced between 2011 and 2019. In addition to the seven killed on Friday, 29 Israelis and foreign nationals, including civilians and soldiers, were killed by Palestinians last year, according to Israeli government figures. These additional projections show how the U.S. religious landscape might change if current switching patterns held steady, but intergenerational religious transmission occurred in 100% of cases; there were no fertility differences by religion; there was no switching after age 30; or there was no migration after 2020. By 2055, the unaffiliated would make up the largest group (46%), ahead of Christians (43%). They just watch what the settlers are doing, they just watch what the Israeli soldiers are doing and this is enough," Khatib said. Violence, conflict, and crime have surged over the . Religion has also been associated with social changes in the form of conflicts around the world. In March, Nigeria voted in favor of another General Assembly resolution highlighting the humanitarian consequences of Russias military offensive in Ukraine. In January, Nigerian authorities lifted a ban on Twitter, imposed on June 2021, that restricted access to the social media platform after it deleted President Buharis tweets for violating its policies. Americans are divided on whether local governments should be allowed to put religious symbols on public property, according to the same March 2021 survey. Over 2 million Muslims will take part in this week's Hajj pilgrimage. For more details on this analysis, see. People who are religiously unaffiliated, sometimes called religious "nones," accounted for 30% of the U.S. population. ISWAP was also linked to a March attack on a Kaduna-bound train from Abuja. Nigeria has yet to enact a legal ban on chaining of people with mental health conditions and psychosocial disabilities as a path towards ending the horrific practice across the country. The Washington Post's religion section covers faith and spirituality news wherever it exists, from politics to parenting, from sex to sports. [1] But there are no current switching patterns in the U.S. that can be factored into the mathematical models to project such a result. Along with the decline in the percentage of U.S. adults who identify as Christian in recent years, Pew Research Center surveys have found declining shares of the population who say they pray daily or consider religion very important in their lives. A Palestinian gunman shot dead seven people near a synagogue in Jerusalem's outskirts on Friday evening, a day after Israeli forces carried out a raid on the occupied West Bank city of Jenin which killed 10 people including seven gunmen. Religion News: Stories, photos & videos about religious faith Long-term cohort trends in switching (going back to the 1970s) come from two similar questions in the long-running General Social Survey: In what religion were you raised? and What is your religious preference?. President Buhari condemned the January military coup in Burkina Faso and supported efforts by ECOWAS and the African Union to restore constitutional order in Burkina Faso and other countries on the continent where recent coups have taken place. Eight people were killed and 72 kidnapped during the attack. Then, they factor in birth rates and migration patterns. Exclusive: Islamists wield hidden hand in Sudan conflict, military Civil society groups challenged the suspension, prompting a court to restrain the broadcast authority from revoking the stations licenses pending its determination of the case. 2023 International Conference on Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding. With prospects for political progress bleaker than they have been for years and with world powers now distracted by the Ukraine war, violence has steadily been rising. Over that same period, nones would rise from the current 30% to somewhere between 34% and 52% of the U.S. population. Alkam's father said his son, like other suspected 'lone wolf' attackers, had no links to militant groups. Ben-Gvir also seeks to further expand Jewish settlement in the West Bank, which was captured by Israel in a 1967 war and where Palestinians have long sought to establish a state. Readers may wonder which scenario is most plausible. 2021 Report on International Religious Freedom Recent survey data indicates that the Christian retention rate in Britain is 49%, the lowest found in any of the 80 countries, including the U.S., for which data is available. Human Rights Watch research in 2021 found Nigeria lacks a functional social . In February, a military airstrike targeting bandits killed seven children in the Maradi region of the Republic of Niger which borders the northwestern Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina States in Nigeria. Countering sectarian and religious conflict in the Middle East Feb 13, 2019. . By Edward Wong and David Pierson Edward . For more information about modeling assumptions and results, see Chapter 2 and the Methodology. The rise of populist Israeli politics was fuelling demand for uncompromising action against Palestinians, which would "bring further Palestinian reactions and that will lead into a continuity of the current escalation", Khatib said. None of these events arrived without warning, and yet a few years ago they would have boggled the mind. REUTERS/Ronen Zvulun/File Photo. The past decade has witnessed a sharp increase in violent sectarian or religious tensions. Identification with Christianity remains higher in censuses than in surveys that measure religion by first asking respondents whether they have a religion and then, as a second step, collecting affiliation data only for those who answer that, yes, they. The Center estimates that in 2020, about 64% of Americans, including children, were Christian. On the other hand, religious commitment could steadily weaken from generation to generation if people continue to identify as Christian but are less devout than their parents and grandparents. The trial of Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) group agitating for the secession of southeast Nigeria, on treason and terrorism-related charges was delayed by preliminary proceedings including two bail applications that the court denied. In October, Kanu was discharged and acquitted of the remaining charges by Nigerias Court of Appeal but remained in custody following a further appeal to the Supreme Court by the government to challenge this decision. This dynamic could lead to steady or declining levels of belief and practice. But even in that hypothetical situation, the religious makeup of the U.S. population would continue to shift gradually, primarily as a result of Christians being older than other groups, on average, and the unaffiliated being younger, with a larger share of their population of childbearing age. In September, Nigeria ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Violence and Harassment Convention (C190), making it the first country in West Africa and the eighth country in the world to do so. None of the scenarios in this report demonstrate what would happen if switching into Christianity increased. In May, a female college student, Deborah Samuel, was murdered by a mob in northwestern Sokoto State after being accused of blasphemy against the Prophet Mohammed. The broadcast authority also suspended operations of 52 state and private broadcast stations for failure to pay license renewal fees. A Christian retention rate below 50% would mean that fewer than half of people raised as Christians remain Christians in adulthood. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Speaking after Friday's shooting, he promised more gun permits for Israelis and said he instructed police to destroy Palestinian houses built without permit in East Jerusalem, occupied by Israel in a 1967 war. While majorities of both Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (84%) and Republicans and Republican leaners (61%) say religion should be kept separate from government policies, Republicans are far more likely to say government should support religious values (38% vs. 16%). In many cases, switching does not happen in a single moment. See Methodology for more information on inputs and modeling. Switching by religiously unaffiliated, older Americans into Christianity is not modeled in the projections because there is no clear trend in this direction. In recent years, the annual death toll tends to be less than 100,000. Read our research on: LGBTQ Attitudes & Experiences| Supreme Court | Race & Ethnicity. However, among groups of older adults born after World War II, we model ongoing switching in which 7% of Americans who were raised Christian will switch out between the ages of 30 and 65. Following the reported death of Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau in June during a clash with fighters of the ISWAP breakaway faction, both groups continued fighting in 2022. Religious transmission, as measured in this study, can fail to occur for many reasons and in either direction. As a result, there may continue to be a self-perpetuating core of committed Christians who retain their religion and raise new generations of Christians. In January, many people were killed and displaced in an attack by bandits on villages in Anka and Bukkuyum districts in Zamfara State. Basically, one must distinguish between two types of religious conflicts.
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