First her sister was abducted and shot. Do Northern Ireland unionists need to be worried? - The Independent [9], A direct consequence of the rebellion was the arrival in 1642 of a Scottish army to Ulster, this army was routed by a smaller force of native Irish at the battle of Benburb, fled back to Carrickfergus where it played no further role in the Cromwellian reconquest. [21] This policy was used in the counties of Leitrim, Longford, northern Wexford, as well as parts of King's County and Queen's County. [32], Dissenters often were tenants rather than landowners, and faced ever increasing rents as landowners sought to increase their income. Two tribes: A divided Northern Ireland - The Irish Times A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes, p. 183. [30] Some Huguenot congregations conformed to the Church of Ireland, though others maintained their own instilling some hostility from the established church. 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Protestants who are born in Northern Ireland are British and / or Irish depending on their political identity and whether they choose to exercise their right to claim Irish citizenship on the same basis as anywhere else on the island of Ireland (while there is a strong correlation between nationalism and nominal religion, with Protestants more likely to be pro-Union with the UK, this should not be overstated). [16] While Presbyterians of Scottish descent and origin had already become the majority of Ulster Protestants by the 1660s, when Protestants still made up only a third of the population, they had become an absolute majority in the province by the 1720s. Changes in unionist identity during the Northern Ireland Peace Process", "Leitrim Lodge takes part in Orange Order March", "Linda Ervine: I realised Irish belonged to me - a Protestant - and I fell in love with it", "Protestants go for Gaelic in Northern Ireland", Amity and enmity: variety in Ulster Protestant culture, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulster_Protestants&oldid=1156647471, Ethnic groups divided by international borders, Ethnoreligious groups in the United Kingdom, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 23 May 2023, at 22:22. Oxford Companion to Irish History, p. 502. [10] Later during the debate it was remarked "could a Protestant be trusted to hand out books to Catholics?". Figures obtained by the Belfast Telegraph show that of Northern Ireland students attending university, 35% are Protestants, 49% are Catholics and 16% are others. Oxford Companion to Irish History, pp. The loss of the Protestant majority in Northern Ireland was a significant development, he said, although much has changed in the past hundred years. the percentage of people from ethnic minority groups has doubled (though only to 3.4 per cent) since the . Good Friday Agreement, also called Belfast Agreement or the Agreement, accord reached on April 10, 1998, and ratified in both Ireland and Northern Ireland by popular vote on May 22 that called for devolved government in Northern Ireland. [15] It has been suggested that Catholic Ireland has become more Protestant in social terms, whilst Protestantism itself has become more Catholic in some of its practices. Protestantism in the Republic of Ireland (Irish: Protastnachas i bPoblacht na hireann) refers to Protestantism in the Republic of Ireland and its predecessor, the Irish Free State. [7], Symbols of British influence were seen as an integral part of the Protestant tradition during the interwar period between World War I and II, however the Free State's intent on removing them was viewed by southern Protestants as sectarian.[8]. [31] Ironically, despite attempts by some,[36] the Ascendancy had no real desire to convert the mass of the Catholic population to Protestantism, fearing that it would dilute their own exclusive and highly privileged position,[31] and many of the penal laws were poorly enforced. A recent poll found that Protestants (86%) were more likely than Catholics (64%) to say they had never changed their mind about Northern Ireland's position in the United Kingdom. However, under Lord Deputy Wentworth in 1640, a further sixteen Old English seats were removed. Newly released census results may fuel calls for a referendum on uniting Ireland, experts say, but not right away. [20] They also sought to replace the preferred form of worship amongst Protestants in Ireland with the more elaborate and orthodox Anglican style favoured by Charles I. [33] Christianity is the main religion in Northern Ireland. Fighting between unionist shipyard workers and striking republicans in Belfast in 1920. In 2006, Protestants made up 4.2% of the Republic of Ireland's population versus 10% in 1911. [13] This was followed by the considerably determined private plantation of counties Antrim and Down by James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery, which saw English and Scottish Protestants settling in their estates. More recent figures from 2016 show that among those of working age 44% are now Catholic and 40%. About 30% of Ulster Protestants live in the three counties of Ulster now in the Republic of Ireland, Cavan, Monaghan, and Donegal, where they make up around a fifth of the Republic's Protestant population. Census 2021: More from Catholic background in NI than Protestant Michelle ONeill outside of Northern Irelands Parliament in Belfast in May. [34][35][36] Ulster Protestants also share common religious, political and social ties with some protestants in counties that border Ulster, particularly County Leitrim that hosts a number of Orange Halls. . [2] Important factors for this emigration were socio-economic factors, reinforced by political factors. Since the formation of Northern Ireland which remained part of the United Kingdom when the island was partitioned in 1921, while the larger part of the island became an independent Irish state Protestants have outnumbered Catholics. The previous census in 2011 showed. [14] People who stated they had no religion increased from 186,318 to 269,811. The number of Catholics and Protestants of working age is almost the same for the first time as Northern Ireland's population changes continue. A further blow to the concept of a Protestant state came earlier this year in regional elections, when the hard-line, pro-Britain Democratic Unionist Party lost its place as the largest faction in Northern Irelands assembly. [32], In 1709 German Palatines fled persecution to England from the Rhineland in the Holy Roman Empire. D. 47%. How that change is shaped moving forward requires maturity to take the challenges which face our society., But he also said that authorities across the island, in the Republic and Northern Ireland, should begin preparing for the possibility of a Unity referendum, deeming the partition of Ireland a failure.. 20%. [34] The number of families dwindled to 162 by 1720. [1] This helped contribute to a greater concentration of Protestants in Northern Ireland. The number of Protestants has declined by 14 . The first Irish translation of the New Testament was begun by Dr Nicholas Walsh, Bishop of Ossory, who worked on it until his death in 1585. Today, the vast majority of Ulster Protestants live in Northern Ireland, which was created in 1921 to have an Ulster Protestant majority, and in the east of County Donegal. especially from the British civil service[2][5][7], According to the Church of Ireland Gazette: Protestants "have a wholly disproportionate number of old people compared with young, in comparison to Roman Catholics". [5] During this period the number of Protestants in what became the Irish Free State dropped from 10% to 7%. Members of other Christian churches comprised 5.8%, 17% stated they have no religion or did not state a religion, and members of non-Christian . [25][28] It also greatly increased the number of Protestants in Ireland,[25] and saw them come to dominate both the countryside and urban centres and have near absolute control over politics and trade. But the shifting demographics do existentially undermine the rationale behind Northern Irelands creation a century ago, when religion was considered a reliable indicator of support for either continued British rule or for a united, independent Ireland. The introduction of a "Gaelicisation" policy. It is estimated that up to 12,000 Ulster Protestants were killed or died of illness after being driven from their homes. [6] Elizabeth's reign saw the introduction of a Gaelic printing typeface (1571) for the purpose of evangelisation;[7][8] the establishment of Trinity College, Dublin, to train ministers (1592);[6] and the first translation of the New Testament into Irish (1603). [7][10][11] Social policy during the 1922-1932 government administration was largely based on Roman Catholic beliefs, and events such as the Eucharistic Congress of 1932 helped reinforce the exalted status the Catholic Church enjoyed. [1] This represented a drop of 32% in the Protestant population compared to the 2% drop in the Roman Catholic population. [12][24] This was followed by puritan ministers who held Presbyterian sympathies being dismissed from the church,[12] causing some of the leading ministers to make an abortive attempt to reach America hoping to find more liberty for their beliefs. This article is about Protestantism on the whole island of Ireland. d'Alton, I. The unionist party currently refuses to join a power-sharing government in the Northern Ireland Assembly because of its opposition to new Brexit trade protocols, leaving Northern Ireland unable to form a new government. Are Catholics now the majority in Northern Ireland? - The Economist Diarmaid Ferriter, a professor of history at University College Dublin who has written about the partition era, said that the new census figures were quite a milestone for the territory. For the Hearts of Oak, it was the paying of cess as well as tithes and small dues to the Church of Ireland. The result could intensify debate, at an already politically fraught moment, about the region seceding from the United Kingdom and reunifying Ireland, but experts have also cautioned against equating religion with political affiliation. 109-11. [2] Irish independence in 1921 however may have accelerated the process.[3]. [29] French Protestants, known as Huguenots, escaping persecution in France formed their own small community in Dublin where they became famous for developing poplin and handsome stone buildings called "Dutch Billy's". This is around double the figure in 2011 and four times the figure in 2001. Northern Ireland's Marching Season Begins in a Fraught Year for Welcome to Drum - the only Protestant village in Republic of Ireland There is also a small Methodist community and the Methodist Church in Ireland dates to John Wesley's visit to Ulster in 1752. [32] This included attacking cattle, burning buildings, and threatening letters amongst other acts. [25] Protestant immigration to Ireland had started in earnest in the aftermath of the restoration of the monarchy in Ireland in 1660, helped by acts such as that "to Encourage Protestant Strangers to Settle in Ireland", passed in 1662. Other religions (Christian & non-Christian) None/Not Stated [13][14], The cause of this growth is stated as being a mixture of Protestant immigration and the conversion of Catholics. The vast majority of Ulster Protestants live in Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. The last census in 2011 put the Protestant population at 48%, just 3% more than Catholics at 45%. Their share of the population rose from 47 per cent in 2001 to 49 per cent in 2011, while the Protestant share fell from 49 per cent to 42 per cent in the same period Now there's the possibility. Patrick. BBC News NI The latest census figures show that for the first time there are more people from a Catholic background in Northern Ireland than Protestant. [41] This majority was reduced upon appeal by the Old English to six. Catholics outnumber Protestants in Northern Ireland for the first time since its creation, according to census results published on Thursday. [24] Modern historians have revised the figures to state that around 4,000 settlers were killed with another 8,000 dying from disease and exposure. Between 1990 and 2017 the proportion of the population aged 16 and over reporting as Protestant has dropped from 56% to 42%, while the proportion reporting as Catholic increased from 38% to 41%.. Depending on the strand of Mormonism, some may identify with traditional Protestant beliefs, whilst others may not. In Northern Ireland, only counties Londonderry, Tyrone and Armagh have experienced a significant loss of the relative Protestant population; in these cases, the change was not as dramatic as in the Republic. In Northern Ireland, a 'shift in enthusiasm' for Irish unity Another influx of an estimated 20,000 Scottish Protestants, mainly to the coastal counties of Antrim, Down and Londonderry, was a result of the seven ill years of famines in Scotland in the 1690s. Protestantism in Ireland - Wikipedia However, following the conforming of the majority of these landowners by 1780, Catholics only owned 5% despite making up three-quarters of the population of Ireland. The main issues Dissenters were concerned with were those that affected them most due to the Penal Laws: religious discrimination; economic development; and the matter of land. At the same time, one archbishop and three bishops from Ireland (selected by rotation) were given seats in the House of Lords at Westminster, joining the two archbishops and twenty-four bishops from the Church of England. But nearly since its founding, Northern Irelands Protestant majority has been slowly eroding. Ms. ONeill, in a statement Thursday, said the census results were another clear indication that historic change is happening across this island and of the diversity of society which enriches us all.. Changing Distribution of Protestants in Ireland 1861 - 1991 [32] Those who could not afford to pay were forcibly evicted without warning. The percentage of those who said they were Northern Irish only remained broadly similar, at 20 per cent. However, in 1560, her half-sister and successor Queen Elizabeth I enacted a religious settlement consisting of an Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity in an attempt to impose Protestantism. [33][34] Of 538 families initially taken on by as tenants, 352 are reported to have left their holdings, with many returning to England. Protestant-Catholic gap narrows as census results revealed [Analysis of Northern Ireland census results: A radical, fundamental change]. [20] In the war that followed, a Scottish Covenanter army invaded and re-captured eastern Ulster from the rebels, while a Protestant settler army held northwestern Ulster. Experts say the dwindling gap between the two groups will lead to . [39] One knock-on effect of this emigration was parts of Ulster only being Catholic because of the depopulation of Protestants. [15], Between 1615 and 1620, a policy of "discovery and regrant" was used in various parts of Ireland; however, few settlers were attracted to these plantations, resulting basically in new landowners. [12] Here they were openly welcomed by the state-sponsored Church of Ireland for their strong anti-Catholicism and dedication to preaching, which it highly sought.[12]. [13] County Clare has the smallest population of Protestants in Ireland; however, its county town, Ennis, saw a six-fold increase in the Church of Ireland population - 68 to 400. Almost equal numbers of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland When Ireland was incorporated in 1801 into the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Church of Ireland was also united with the Church of England to form the United Church of England and Ireland. History Changes in distribution of Irish Protestants, 1861-2011 The Ulster Protestant community emerged during the Plantation of Ulster. [39] British troops based in Ireland were transported to America to participate in the conflict, which raised fears of a possible French invasion, leading to the foundation of the Volunteers consisting of Dissenters and Anglicans, with some Catholic support. In 1604, the Scottish Catholic Randal MacDonnell, set about settling his lands in the Route and Glynnes in County Antrim with Protestants from the Scottish Lowlands. "'A vestigial population'? The census showed the population of Northern Ireland is becoming more diverse, with 65,600 people 3.4 per cent belonging to ethnic minority groups. One local man says: "Many of the people here are in the Orange Order, and there would still be that political attachment to Northern Ireland." Not that people in Drum, the population of which . Eventually, the tithes were ended, replaced with a lower levy called the tithe rent charge. Thu Sep 22 2022 - 09:55 There are more Catholics than Protestants in Northern Ireland for the first time since its creation, according to census results published on Thursday. Results from the 2021 census released on Thursday showed that 45.7% of inhabitants are Catholic or from a Catholic background compared with 43.48% from Protestant or other Christian backgrounds.. With disestablishment, the last remnants of tithes were abolished and the Church's representation in the House of Lords also ceased. [32] The Irish Parliament and Established Church were opposed to giving them full civil rights, and during Queen Anne's reign, penal laws targeting Dissenters came into force. [14], Most of the land colonised was confiscated from the native Irish. [38] The Hearts of Steel, however, took to performing secretive actions in the middle of the night. [29], The death of Charles I in 1649 saw puritanism reach its peak as the Church of Ireland became restricted allowing other Protestant denominations to freely expand. The largest multiple identity was in the category British and Northern Irish, which rose by 6.2 per cent to 8 per cent. Figures before 2002 only include Church of Ireland, Presbyterians, & Methodists. [24] Across the island, the predominant doctrine within the Church of Ireland was puritanism, which like Presbyterianism, favoured simple and plain forms of worship and clothing. [29][30] Around the same time, Jewsregarded as "foreign Protestants"settled in Dublin having originally sought refuge in Tenerife. The number of people holding an Ireland passport solely or jointly rose from 375,800 in 2011 to 614,300 in 2021, an increase of 63.5 per cent. Why does Ireland not like protestants? [32] One way to alleviate problems was to gain the favour of the landlord. In the following period from 1911 to 1926 it seems likely that due to an increase in contention between Protestants and Catholics, there was a decrease in mixed-marriages.[2]. This was the colonisation of Ulster with loyal English-speaking Protestants from Great Britain under the reign of King James. [40], Prior to the Plantation of Ulster in the opening decades of the 17th century, the Irish Parliament consisted of Catholic Old English and Gaelic Irish MPs. [41] To help tip the balance of power in Parliament in favour of Protestants, Sir Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, established sixteen new corporate towns in Ulster in the 1610s. [32] In contrast, the Catholics, who suffered worst of all from the Penal Laws, chose to remain in Ireland, staying as close as possible to the parish of their ancestors. A total of 4.6 per cent had a main language other than English, the most prevalent being Polish (20,100), Lithuanian (9,000) and Irish (6,000). By the time of the 2006 census of the Republic of Ireland, a little over 5% of the state was Protestant. Gap between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland down to just Often, the counties which managed to retain the highest proportion of Protestants were the ones which started off with a large proportion. Was this answer helpful . [9] Dissenter marriages would not be legally recognised until an act passed in 1842. [24], In 1635, Lord Wentworth proposed a plantation of Connacht, which would have seen all Catholic land confiscated and settled with only English Protestants, with the hope of converting the Gaelic and Old English Catholics to the state religion. [39], The outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776 had an important impact on Ireland. The war was over. The British government agreed to withdraw from the nationalist south, which became an independent state, and the island was partitioned. Census figures: NI Protestant population continuing to decline The overall population grew by 5 per cent, but the number of people aged 65 or older grew by nearly 25 per cent. She has been with The Times since 2016. [39], Prior to the outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776, between 100,000 and 250,000 Presbyterians emigrated from Ulster for the colonies in North America. You cant apply a 20th-century analysis to a 21st-century census, he said. Medieval Ireland An Encyclopedia, p. 368. [31], The Penal Laws ensured that for the next century, Ireland was to be dominated by an Anglican elite composed of members of the Church of Ireland. [18] This was followed by the Plantation of Ulster, which saw Protestant[citation needed] British settlers colonise these counties. [27] After the partition of Ireland in 1920, the new government of Northern Ireland launched a campaign to entice Irish unionists/Protestants from the Irish Free State to relocate to Northern Ireland, with inducements of state jobs and housing, and large numbers accepted.[28]. [15] The Border reiver families were not known for their religiousness and the Reformation had made little impact on them. [31] William Conolly was a Gaelic Catholic from Ballyshannon, County Donegal; however, in the years following his conversion to Protestantism, he would become the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons as well as Ireland's richest man despite being the son of an innkeeper. 106-7. During the English Reformation in the 1530s, the Irish Parliament gained the support of some bishops for royal supremacy. [9], The Church of Ireland by the 1630s was a broad church that accepted various different Protestant practices and beliefs. In 1861 only the west coast and Kilkenny were less than 6% Protestant. 236-40. [9], One of the most famous incidents of overt discrimination against Protestants was the Dunbar-Harrison case in 1930. In 2001, 91.0% of the population were born in Northern Ireland, 7.2% were born in other parts of the UK and Ireland, and 1.8% were born elsewhere. The arrangement stumbled along for close to two decades, never fully working yet crucially keeping the peace. Oxford Companion to Irish History, p. 447. In the book Buried Lives, based largely on records held by the Church of Ireland, Robin Bury has argued that there were cases of violence against Protestants during the Civil War. Protestants are 53% and Roman Catholics are 44%. They were also likely to marry later in life and have fewer children than their Catholic counterparts. These Penal Laws are partly what led Ulster Presbyterians to become founders and members of the United Irishmen, a republican movement which launched the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Northern Ireland census shows more Catholics than Protestants -- a On the question of identity, the percentage of people who said they were British only fell from about 40 per cent to 32 per cent, while those who said they were Irish only increased from 25 per cent to 29 per cent. The number of people holding a UK passport solely or jointly decreased slightly from 1.07 million in 2011 to one million in the latest census. Compensation was provided to clergy, but many parishes faced great difficulty in local financing after the loss of rent-generating lands and buildings. Eight hundred and twenty-one families consisting of 3,073 people were resettled in Ireland that year. [1][2] In the 2011 census of the Republic of Ireland, 4.27% of the population described themselves as Protestant.
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