Bioresources, biocapacity of ecosystems, and related terms. Monfreda, C.; Wackernagel, M.; Deumling, D. Establishing national natural capital accounts based on detailed Ecological Footprint and biological capacity assessments. Thus, the 12 variables selected and considered as determinants of the biocapacity reserve were included in the analysis, each with 30 values for the EU and non-EU countries. The size of Australias bushfire crisis captured in five big numbers, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/wildfires-continue-rage-australia, https://www.wenfo.org/aer/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AustraliasEnvironment_2019_SummaryReport.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30006-1, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/01/extreme-wildfires-reshaping-forests-worldwide-recovery-australia-climate/, https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/forestsaustralia/forest-data-maps-and-tools/fire-data#area-of-native-forest-in-fire-area-by-forest-tenure-and-jurisdiction, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/07/australia-marsupials-struggling-after-fires/, http://theconversation.com/yes-the-australian-bush-is-recovering-from-bushfires-but-it-may-never-be-the-same-131390. Moreover, not all nations of the world benefit from the resources of the planet equally, but there is also an uneven distribution of both resources and consumption, with some countries developing their economy on account of the natural resources of other countries, limiting them. Woody, Todd. Thus, Ramirez Y. N. [. Ecological footprints measure the regular demand, whereas biocapacity refers to unceasing supply. Michel Serres Institute. (4) This abrupt change from having a large biocapacity reserve to running a biocapacity deficit is a tragedy. An advantage of the European countries in the first clusterin addition to the highest macroeconomic resultsis the high level of human resources development, with the highest percentages of GDP allocated to health, the largest participation in the education process and with high school performance. Seventy-five percent of the inhabitants of Europe would like the European Union to act more towards environmental protectionthis places third in the top priorities [, It is estimated that following the adoption of measures to sustain the production, consumption, and use of energy, following the implementation of the action plan established in 2015, in Paris, on climate change, 2 million new jobs could be created in Europe, and the circular economy could generate total benefits of 1.8 trillion by 2030 [. The median value of the biocapacity deficit was 2.65 global hectares per capita, with the series having a very high variability in territorial profile. Thus, in the first part of the research, a descriptive analysis of the ecological footprint and biocapacity was carried out for the European countries, accompanied by a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the biocapacity reserve/deficit in this region. Growing demand met by less robust biocapacity becomes a dangerous combination. Ecological footprint, biocapacity and ecological deficit per person in A Feature - Grazing land. You seem to have javascript disabled. Therefore, the forest biocapacity lost in the fires could take 50 years to regenerate at a rate of about 2% regrowth per year. Available online: Ellerman, A.D.; Buchner, B.K. Wiktionary Advertisement Other Word Forms of Biocapacity Noun Singular: biocapacity Plural: biocapacities Origin of Biocapacity bio- + capacity From Wiktionary Find Similar Words Gogonea, R.-M.; Ghita, S.I. The third cluster brings together the country group with high population density, with high life expectancy at birth, generally located in Southern Europe. The EU thematic strategy on the sustainable use of natural resources defines them as "raw materials such as minerals, biomass and biological resources ; environmental media such as air, water and soil ; flow resources such as wind, geothermal, tidal and solar energy ; and space as land area". Ecosystem Health, Human Existence, and Bio-capacity Deficit: The Ethical Relationship. ; Vuta, M.; Marin, E.; Cioaca, S.I. Comparing Ecological . In. Environmental performance, biocapacity, carbon & ecological footprint 2013. [, The results of the article indicate significant differences between the biodiversity level in the developed European countries, compared to those of the developing countries, as in Lenzen et al. Theyll converge into less interesting, less distinctive vegetation that supports fewer threatened plants and animals. (Woody 2020). The analysis shows that a potential increase in biocapacity reserve/deficit is the result of the growth of . In this context, this article carries out a complex analysis of the biocapacity reserve/deficit, as a latent variable that quantifies sustainability, viewed through a selection of determinants, from which three main components have been extracted: A component of education and social exclusion, a component of economic development, innovation, and environment, and a demographic component. The estimator of Component 1 (Education and social exclusion component) was positive, which indicates a positive, direct correlation between this main component and the biocapacity reserve/deficit. The figures of ecological footprints and biocapacity vary year by year with respect to population, per capita consumption, production efficiency, and productivity. Nature's regenerative capacity | WWF This way, the grouping of the multiple initial variables into a small number of components was performed, expressed as artificial variables that manage to retain an important part of the information of the initial dataset. Countries that continue to have biocapacity reserves (where the biocapacity within a country's borders is greater than the Ecological Footprint of that country) tend to be located in forested . When a population's footprint is greater than biocapacity it is reported to be engaging in ecological overshoot. However, the Copernicus site quotes refers to 400 million tonnes of CO2, with a graph showing a little less than 400. (2009) [. No special ; Niccolucci, V.; Patrizi, N.; Sutton, P.C. The conclusion is that all countries should strive to evolve favorably in the context of biodiversity behavior that supports the development of the global sustainability process. (3) Note that this assessment is preliminary. The countries in the second cluster are somewhat in opposition to those in the first cluster, with the most unfavorable aspects in most areas. Thus, these countries present the highest level of economic development, reflected by a high per capita GDP level, well above average, fueled by a strong research-innovation sector, by the employed workforce and by the involvement of business sector, in conjunction with a high level of human resources development, in terms of health and education. ABC news refers to about 435 million tonnes of CO2 released in the Australian 2019 forest fires. The three main components extracted have the following structure: Component 1 includes the variables: Expected school years of pupils and students, Participation rates in education, Education underachieving level for 15- year-old students, Researchers, Material deprivation rate, In-work at-risk-of-poverty rate. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Dijk, Albert Van. In other words, it is estimated that an increase in the score related to the Education and social exclusion component will lead to an increase in the biocapacity reserve. Glossary: Biocapacity - GreenFacts Other authors focus their analysis on composite indicator systems, which would surprise the multiple facets and complexity of the phenomenon studied. Biocapacity refers to the capacity of ecosystems to produce biological materials and to absorb waste materials generated by human activities. Each of the 12 variables has 30 values, corresponding to the 30 European countries included in the study. = 0.001 < 0.05) (. Biocapacity - Wikipedia Australias Environment Summary Report 2019. Centre for Water and Landscape Dynamics: Australian National University. Make your recycling needs as easy as possible, use our Recycle Search to find a location near you! Sala, O.E. Impact of Ecological footprint, bio-capacity & biodiversity on environmental sustainability. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Bioresources, Biocapacity of Ecosystems, and Related Terms, 2014. Pickrell, John. Both aspects (one-planet compatibility and well-being for all) define the framework for one-planet prosperity, a safe operating space that requires building through careful design. Map of countries with biocapacity deficits (red) and reserves (green The results are similar to those obtained by Jia et al. Ecological Footprint by Country 2023 - World Population Review "BiocapacityPremise of Sustainable Development in the European Space" Sustainability 12, no. ; de Vries, W.; de Wit, C.A. Development based on carrying capacity: a strategy for environmental protection. 2009 that the indicator system has to ensure a multilateral and integrative approach to the three main pillars of sustainable development: Economic, social, and environmental pillarthe following hypotheses were formulated: A large variety of statistical econometric methods was used in verifying these hypotheses, such as: Descriptive statistical analysis of frequency distributions, descriptive analysis methods of time and territorial statistical series, complex methods of multidimensional statistical analysis (hierarchical clustering methods, principal component analysis, regression, and correlation analysis). For example, the new growth grassland and savannah can recapture the carbon released in a fire within a year or two. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Coscieme, L.; Pulselli, F.M. Carbon and the anthropocene. ABC news summarized the situation in their article entitled The size of Australias bushfire crisis captured in five big numbers. This article draws on a study by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) of the European Union, which estimates carbon emissions of current and previous forest fires in Australia https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/wildfires-continue-rage-australia. This will ensure a reduction of pollution andin generala reduction of the negative impact of human activities on the environment, accompanied by a reduction of the economic losses caused by the manifestations of extreme phenomena. Earth Overshoot Day: Human consumption vs biocapacity | World Economic The paper presents a multidimensional statistical-econometric analysis of the behavior of the environmental variables, especially of the reserve or deficit of biocapacity, identifying its main determinants, which characterize seven dimensions: Economic development, demography, education, health, social exclusion, research (innovation), and environment. Ramirez, Y.N. This cluster includes the former socialist countries, the high biocapacity reserve, and the low economic losses caused by the extreme phenomena of countries in this cluster, compared to the countries in the other clusters being explained not by sustained investments in environment protection and restoration, but by a reduced and low-level economic activity, which does not put such a high pressure on nature. Glossary - Global Footprint Network The Australian Terrestrial Carbon Budget. Biogeosciences 10, no. the ability of a particular area to support human life in terms of the amount of food, fuel, etc. The U.S. has gone from being a country with a huge biocapacity reserve to being a country with one of the largest biocapacity deficits. The EF tracks anthropogenic requirement and land appropriation as a consequence of consumer demand. Thus, the highest values in this table show thatbased on the combination of the main componentsone can predict or explain 90.6% of the variation of the variable Population density, 85.6% of the variation of the variable Expected School Years, 85.1% of the variation of the variable Researchers, and 81.4% of the variability of the variable Impacts of extreme weather and climate related events. Zaharia, M.; Ptrascu, A.; Gogonea, R.M. First, some of the forests affected have burned four times in the last 25 years. Humanity's Ecological Footprint contracted between 2014-2016 Available online: Rockstrm, J.; Steffen, W.; Noone, K.; Persson, A.; Chapin III, F.S. By applying the Principal Component Analysis method, the set of variables used in the clustering of countries has been restricted, reduced to smaller dimensions, looking for the existence of "underlying variables" (factors) that explain some of the correlation between the initial variables. (2014) and Valle Junior et al. In most of the studies presented above, the identification of the factors with significant influence on the environmental indicators, as well as the quantification of these influences, were achieved by using the econometric regression models. Terziovski, M.; Guerrero, J.L. Global Footprint Network, Glossary. Valle Junior, R.F. July 17, 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/07/australia-marsupials-struggling-after-fires/. In the top map (EF C vs. BC), biocapacity reserve (green) is defined as a domestic Ecological Footprint of consumption less than domestic biocapacity and biocapacity deficit (red) as an Ecological . Business perspectives and the eu emissions trading scheme. The dividing line between low and high income is world . Professor John Woinarski and others predict that this area may be condemned to grow back as weedy scrub (Pickrell 2020), unable to support its native species. Brunnermeier, S.; Mark, A. Cohen Determinants of environmental innovation in us manufacturing industries. See further details. Thus, the premises are created for a more efficient use of material and human resources, for obtaining higher results with a lower resource consumption, which can lead to the reduction of the ecological footprint and to an increase of the biocapacity reserve. Wildfires Have Spread Dramaticallyand Some Forests May Not Recover. National Geographic. The number of significant components was established by applying the following instruments: eigenvalue-one criterion, the proportion in the total variation preserved by each component, and the Scree Plot Test. Strategy & society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. What does biocapacity mean? In fact, last year was the driest year in Australias 119 years of recordkeeping. Following the analysis of the correlation matrix, the non-existence of very strong or very weak correlations between these variables resulted. An article in National Geographic reports on the assessments of Australian biologists: The ecosystem has effectively collapsed, its transitioned into something else more likely to be colonized by generalist, weedy plants, says John Woinarski, a conservation biologist at Charles Darwin University in Australias Northern Territory. it can produce and the amount of waste it can deal with: Humanity now requires the biocapacity of almost 1.5 planets to survive, he said. The results show thatin the long and short termthe effects of innovation on environmental indicators can be positive or negative. ; Chapin III, F.S. - Cropland. What Is a Jumbo Loan? - Buy Side from WSJ May 27, 2020. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/forestsaustralia/forest-data-maps-and-tools/fire-data#area-of-native-forest-in-fire-area-by-forest-tenure-and-jurisdiction. To make biocapacity comparable across space and time, areas are adjusted proportionally to their biological productivity. ; Newell, R.G. This can be achieved as follows: In the educational fieldby reducing the early school leaving in some countries, by increasing the enrollment rate in education, by encouraging high school performance; in the health domainthrough more substantial investments in the health sector and increasing the accessibility of the population to the medical services; in the development research fieldby attracting public and/or private resources necessary for the development of the activity, by motivating, stimulating the employment in this sector, and by using the results of the research innovation in creating eco-friendly technologies, which will protect and raise the environment quality. This abrupt change from having a large biocapacity reserve to running a biocapacity deficit is a tragedy. In the second part of the analysis, the main determinants with significant influence on the changes of the biocapacity reserve/deficit were identified, on the following dimensions: Economic development, demography, education, health, social exclusion, research innovation, and environment, which were included in a cluster analysis, in order to identify and characterize behavioral patterns of European countries depending on the magnitude of the biocapacity reserve/deficit and its determinants. Specifically, the behavior of the biocapacity reserve/deficit was modeled according to these main components, with the nature and direction of the influence of the components on the biocapacity reserve being analyzed, using a multifactorial linear regression model. Also, not all the burnt forest may be able to recover as forest. Hai, I.; Johnstone, N.; Watson, F.; Kaminker, C. COWI A/S; Utrecht University. The data is published online through the website of the Global Footprint Network. 2020. Yet in order to recover properly, Lindenmayer suggests that they should burn no more than once every 75 -125 years (Pickrell 2020). Thus, it is recommended for the first cluster countries to use their investments in the research-development-innovation sector, (based on which they have obtained a reduced material consumption and a high resource productivity) for reducing the ecological footprint of consumption, for strengthening the biocapacity reserve, to encourage the inhabitants in adopting sustainable consumption models, based on environmental responsibility. The explanation of these influences lies in the fact that a higher educational level and higher knowledge accumulations lead to a better professional training of the labor force, which, together with the reduction of the poverty rate, of social exclusion, represent the basis for an increase in the living standard and life quality. Yes, the Australian Bush Is Recovering from Bushfires but It May Never Be the Same. The Conversation, February 18, 2020. http://theconversation.com/yes-the-australian-bush-is-recovering-from-bushfires-but-it-may-never-be-the-same-131390. If we analyze the distribution of the European countries according to the biocapacity reserve/deficit, one can notice a weak, negative skewness, with a low predominance of the high indicator values (. Component 3 (Demographic component) also had an inverse influence on the variation of the biocapacity reserve (negative coefficient), an increase of the score related to this component leading to a decrease of the biocapacity reserve. In this stage of the analysis, the existence, form, and intensity of a relationship between the biocapacity reserve/deficit and the artificial main components identified following the application of the Principal Component Analysis method were analyzed in detail. In general, Australia is fire-adapted. The innovative factor is essential both in supporting sustainable economic development and in modeling biodiversity. The influence of Component 2 (Economic development, innovation, health, and environment component) on the variation of the biocapacity reserve was inverse, revealing that an increase in the score for Component 2 leads to a reduction in the biocapacity reserve. Our planet with its resources is considered, in economic theory, as one of the production factors without which the economic activity could not be carried on. The authors intend to continue the research on the behavior of the biocapacity reserve or deficit by identifying other factors with significant influence, in order to highlight new ways to optimize its level, continuing the sustainable path of economic development.
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